import sys
from functools import partial
from typing import TYPE_CHECKING

import sentry_sdk
from sentry_sdk._werkzeug import _get_headers, get_host
from sentry_sdk.api import continue_trace
from sentry_sdk.consts import OP, SPANDATA
from sentry_sdk.integrations._wsgi_common import (
    DEFAULT_HTTP_METHODS_TO_CAPTURE,
    _filter_headers,
    nullcontext,
)
from sentry_sdk.scope import Scope, should_send_default_pii, use_isolation_scope
from sentry_sdk.sessions import track_session
from sentry_sdk.traces import SegmentSource, StreamedSpan
from sentry_sdk.tracing import Span, TransactionSource
from sentry_sdk.tracing_utils import has_span_streaming_enabled
from sentry_sdk.utils import (
    ContextVar,
    capture_internal_exceptions,
    event_from_exception,
    reraise,
)

if TYPE_CHECKING:
    from typing import (
        Any,
        Callable,
        ContextManager,
        Dict,
        Iterator,
        Optional,
        Protocol,
        Tuple,
        TypeVar,
        Union,
    )

    from sentry_sdk._types import Event, EventProcessor
    from sentry_sdk.utils import ExcInfo

    WsgiResponseIter = TypeVar("WsgiResponseIter")
    WsgiResponseHeaders = TypeVar("WsgiResponseHeaders")
    WsgiExcInfo = TypeVar("WsgiExcInfo")

    class StartResponse(Protocol):
        def __call__(
            self,
            status: str,
            response_headers: "WsgiResponseHeaders",
            exc_info: "Optional[WsgiExcInfo]" = None,
        ) -> "WsgiResponseIter":  # type: ignore
            pass


_wsgi_middleware_applied = ContextVar("sentry_wsgi_middleware_applied")
_DEFAULT_TRANSACTION_NAME = "generic WSGI request"


def wsgi_decoding_dance(s: str, charset: str = "utf-8", errors: str = "replace") -> str:
    return s.encode("latin1").decode(charset, errors)


def get_request_url(
    environ: "Dict[str, str]", use_x_forwarded_for: bool = False
) -> str:
    """Return the absolute URL without query string for the given WSGI
    environment."""
    script_name = environ.get("SCRIPT_NAME", "").rstrip("/")
    path_info = environ.get("PATH_INFO", "").lstrip("/")
    path = f"{script_name}/{path_info}"

    scheme = environ.get("wsgi.url_scheme")
    if use_x_forwarded_for:
        scheme = environ.get("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO", scheme)

    return "%s://%s/%s" % (
        scheme,
        get_host(environ, use_x_forwarded_for),
        wsgi_decoding_dance(path).lstrip("/"),
    )


class SentryWsgiMiddleware:
    __slots__ = (
        "app",
        "use_x_forwarded_for",
        "span_origin",
        "http_methods_to_capture",
    )

    def __init__(
        self,
        app: "Callable[[Dict[str, str], Callable[..., Any]], Any]",
        use_x_forwarded_for: bool = False,
        span_origin: str = "manual",
        http_methods_to_capture: "Tuple[str, ...]" = DEFAULT_HTTP_METHODS_TO_CAPTURE,
    ) -> None:
        self.app = app
        self.use_x_forwarded_for = use_x_forwarded_for
        self.span_origin = span_origin
        self.http_methods_to_capture = http_methods_to_capture

    def __call__(
        self, environ: "Dict[str, str]", start_response: "Callable[..., Any]"
    ) -> "Any":
        if _wsgi_middleware_applied.get(False):
            return self.app(environ, start_response)

        client = sentry_sdk.get_client()
        span_streaming = has_span_streaming_enabled(client.options)

        _wsgi_middleware_applied.set(True)
        try:
            with sentry_sdk.isolation_scope() as scope:
                with track_session(scope, session_mode="request"):
                    with capture_internal_exceptions():
                        scope.clear_breadcrumbs()
                        scope._name = "wsgi"
                        scope.add_event_processor(
                            _make_wsgi_event_processor(
                                environ, self.use_x_forwarded_for
                            )
                        )

                    method = environ.get("REQUEST_METHOD", "").upper()

                    span_ctx: "Optional[ContextManager[Union[Span, StreamedSpan, None]]]" = None
                    if method in self.http_methods_to_capture:
                        if span_streaming:
                            sentry_sdk.traces.continue_trace(
                                dict(_get_headers(environ))
                            )
                            Scope.set_custom_sampling_context({"wsgi_environ": environ})

                            if should_send_default_pii():
                                client_ip = get_client_ip(environ)
                                if client_ip:
                                    scope.set_attribute(
                                        SPANDATA.USER_IP_ADDRESS, client_ip
                                    )

                            span_ctx = sentry_sdk.traces.start_span(
                                name=_DEFAULT_TRANSACTION_NAME,
                                attributes={
                                    "sentry.span.source": SegmentSource.ROUTE,
                                    "sentry.origin": self.span_origin,
                                    "sentry.op": OP.HTTP_SERVER,
                                },
                                parent_span=None,
                            )
                        else:
                            transaction = continue_trace(
                                environ,
                                op=OP.HTTP_SERVER,
                                name=_DEFAULT_TRANSACTION_NAME,
                                source=TransactionSource.ROUTE,
                                origin=self.span_origin,
                            )

                            span_ctx = sentry_sdk.start_transaction(
                                transaction,
                                custom_sampling_context={"wsgi_environ": environ},
                            )

                    span_ctx = span_ctx or nullcontext()

                    with span_ctx as span:
                        if isinstance(span, StreamedSpan):
                            with capture_internal_exceptions():
                                for attr, value in _get_request_attributes(
                                    environ, self.use_x_forwarded_for
                                ).items():
                                    span.set_attribute(attr, value)

                        try:
                            response = self.app(
                                environ,
                                partial(_sentry_start_response, start_response, span),
                            )
                        except BaseException:
                            reraise(*_capture_exception())
        finally:
            _wsgi_middleware_applied.set(False)

        # Within the uWSGI subhandler, the use of the "offload" mechanism for file responses
        # is determined by a pointer equality check on the response object
        # (see https://github.com/unbit/uwsgi/blob/8d116f7ea2b098c11ce54d0b3a561c54dcd11929/plugins/python/wsgi_subhandler.c#L278).
        #
        # If we were to return a _ScopedResponse, this would cause the check to always fail
        # since it's checking the files are exactly the same.
        #
        # To avoid this and ensure that the offloading mechanism works as expected when it's
        # enabled, we check if the response is a file-like object (determined by the presence
        # of `fileno`), if the wsgi.file_wrapper is available in the environment (as if so,
        # it would've been used in handling the file in the response).
        #
        # Even if the offload mechanism is not enabled, there are optimizations that uWSGI does for file-like objects,
        # so we want to make sure we don't interfere with those either.
        #
        # If all conditions are met, we return the original response object directly,
        # allowing uWSGI to handle it as intended.
        if (
            environ.get("wsgi.file_wrapper")
            and getattr(response, "fileno", None) is not None
        ):
            return response

        return _ScopedResponse(scope, response)


def _sentry_start_response(
    old_start_response: "StartResponse",
    span: "Optional[Union[Span, StreamedSpan]]",
    status: str,
    response_headers: "WsgiResponseHeaders",
    exc_info: "Optional[WsgiExcInfo]" = None,
) -> "WsgiResponseIter":  # type: ignore[type-var]
    with capture_internal_exceptions():
        status_int = int(status.split(" ", 1)[0])
        if span is not None:
            if isinstance(span, StreamedSpan):
                span.status = "error" if status_int >= 400 else "ok"
                span.set_attribute("http.response.status_code", status_int)
            else:
                span.set_http_status(status_int)

    if exc_info is None:
        # The Django Rest Framework WSGI test client, and likely other
        # (incorrect) implementations, cannot deal with the exc_info argument
        # if one is present. Avoid providing a third argument if not necessary.
        return old_start_response(status, response_headers)
    else:
        return old_start_response(status, response_headers, exc_info)


def _get_environ(environ: "Dict[str, str]") -> "Iterator[Tuple[str, str]]":
    """
    Returns our explicitly included environment variables we want to
    capture (server name, port and remote addr if pii is enabled).
    """
    keys = ["SERVER_NAME", "SERVER_PORT"]
    if should_send_default_pii():
        # make debugging of proxy setup easier. Proxy headers are
        # in headers.
        keys += ["REMOTE_ADDR"]

    for key in keys:
        if key in environ:
            yield key, environ[key]


def get_client_ip(environ: "Dict[str, str]") -> "Optional[Any]":
    """
    Infer the user IP address from various headers. This cannot be used in
    security sensitive situations since the value may be forged from a client,
    but it's good enough for the event payload.
    """
    try:
        return environ["HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR"].split(",")[0].strip()
    except (KeyError, IndexError):
        pass

    try:
        return environ["HTTP_X_REAL_IP"]
    except KeyError:
        pass

    return environ.get("REMOTE_ADDR")


def _capture_exception() -> "ExcInfo":
    """
    Captures the current exception and sends it to Sentry.
    Returns the ExcInfo tuple to it can be reraised afterwards.
    """
    exc_info = sys.exc_info()
    e = exc_info[1]

    # SystemExit(0) is the only uncaught exception that is expected behavior
    should_skip_capture = isinstance(e, SystemExit) and e.code in (0, None)
    if not should_skip_capture:
        event, hint = event_from_exception(
            exc_info,
            client_options=sentry_sdk.get_client().options,
            mechanism={"type": "wsgi", "handled": False},
        )
        sentry_sdk.capture_event(event, hint=hint)

    return exc_info


class _ScopedResponse:
    """
    Users a separate scope for each response chunk.

    This will make WSGI apps more tolerant against:
    - WSGI servers streaming responses from a different thread/from
      different threads than the one that called start_response
    - close() not being called
    - WSGI servers streaming responses interleaved from the same thread
    """

    __slots__ = ("_response", "_scope")

    def __init__(
        self, scope: "sentry_sdk.scope.Scope", response: "Iterator[bytes]"
    ) -> None:
        self._scope = scope
        self._response = response

    def __iter__(self) -> "Iterator[bytes]":
        iterator = iter(self._response)

        while True:
            with use_isolation_scope(self._scope):
                try:
                    chunk = next(iterator)
                except StopIteration:
                    break
                except BaseException:
                    reraise(*_capture_exception())

            yield chunk

    def close(self) -> None:
        with use_isolation_scope(self._scope):
            try:
                self._response.close()  # type: ignore
            except AttributeError:
                pass
            except BaseException:
                reraise(*_capture_exception())


def _make_wsgi_event_processor(
    environ: "Dict[str, str]", use_x_forwarded_for: bool
) -> "EventProcessor":
    # It's a bit unfortunate that we have to extract and parse the request data
    # from the environ so eagerly, but there are a few good reasons for this.
    #
    # We might be in a situation where the scope never gets torn down
    # properly. In that case we will have an unnecessary strong reference to
    # all objects in the environ (some of which may take a lot of memory) when
    # we're really just interested in a few of them.
    #
    # Keeping the environment around for longer than the request lifecycle is
    # also not necessarily something uWSGI can deal with:
    # https://github.com/unbit/uwsgi/issues/1950

    client_ip = get_client_ip(environ)
    request_url = get_request_url(environ, use_x_forwarded_for)
    query_string = environ.get("QUERY_STRING")
    method = environ.get("REQUEST_METHOD")
    env = dict(_get_environ(environ))
    headers = _filter_headers(dict(_get_headers(environ)))

    def event_processor(event: "Event", hint: "Dict[str, Any]") -> "Event":
        with capture_internal_exceptions():
            # if the code below fails halfway through we at least have some data
            request_info = event.setdefault("request", {})

            if should_send_default_pii():
                user_info = event.setdefault("user", {})
                if client_ip:
                    user_info.setdefault("ip_address", client_ip)

            request_info["url"] = request_url
            request_info["query_string"] = query_string
            request_info["method"] = method
            request_info["env"] = env
            request_info["headers"] = headers

        return event

    return event_processor


def _get_request_attributes(
    environ: "Dict[str, str]",
    use_x_forwarded_for: bool = False,
) -> "Dict[str, Any]":
    """
    Return span attributes related to the HTTP request from the WSGI environ.
    """
    attributes: "dict[str, Any]" = {}

    method = environ.get("REQUEST_METHOD")
    if method:
        attributes["http.request.method"] = method.upper()

    headers = _filter_headers(dict(_get_headers(environ)), use_annotated_value=False)
    for header, value in headers.items():
        attributes[f"http.request.header.{header.lower()}"] = value

    url_scheme = environ.get("wsgi.url_scheme")
    if url_scheme:
        attributes["network.protocol.name"] = url_scheme

    server_name = environ.get("SERVER_NAME")
    if server_name:
        attributes["server.address"] = server_name

    server_port = environ.get("SERVER_PORT")
    if server_port:
        try:
            attributes["server.port"] = int(server_port)
        except ValueError:
            pass

    if should_send_default_pii():
        client_ip = get_client_ip(environ)
        if client_ip:
            attributes["client.address"] = client_ip

        query_string = environ.get("QUERY_STRING")
        if query_string:
            attributes["http.query"] = query_string

        path = environ.get("PATH_INFO", "")
        if path:
            attributes["url.path"] = path

        attributes["url.full"] = get_request_url(environ, use_x_forwarded_for)

    return attributes
